Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Einstein Geometric Choquet Integral Operator and Its Application to Multiattribute Group Decision-Making

With respect to the multiattribute decision-making (MADM) problem in which the attributes have interdependent or interactive phenomena under the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy environment, we propose a group decision-making approach based on the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy Einstein geometric Choquet integral operator (IVIFEGC). Firstly, the Einstein operational laws and some basic principle on interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets are introduced. Then, the IVIFEGC is developed and some desirable properties of the operator are studied. Further, an approach to multiattribute group decision-making with interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy information is developed, where the attributes have interdependent phenomena. Finally, an illustrative example is used to illustrate the developed approach

Ready Raider One: Exploring the Misuse of Cloud Gaming Services

Cloud gaming has become an emerging computing paradigm in recent years, allowing computer games to offload complex graphics and logic computation to the cloud. To deliver a smooth and high-quality gaming experience, cloud gaming services have invested abundant computing resources in the cloud, including adequate CPUs, top-tier GPUs, and high-bandwidth Internet connections. Unfortunately, the abundant computing resources offered by cloud gaming are vulnerable to misuse and exploitation for malicious purposes. In this paper, we present an in-depth study on security vulnerabilities in cloud gaming services. Specifically, we reveal that adversaries can purposely inject malicious programs/URLs into the cloud gaming services via game mods. Using the provided features such as in-game subroutines, game launch options, and built-in browsers, adversaries are able to execute the injected malicious programs/URLs in cloud gaming services. To demonstrate that such vulnerabilities pose a serious threat, we conduct four proof-of-concept attacks on cloud gaming services. Two of them are to abuse the CPUs and GPUs in cloud gaming services to mine cryptocurrencies with attractive profits and train machine learning models at a trivial cost. The other two are to exploit the high-bandwidth connections provided by cloud gaming for malicious Command & Control and censorship circumvention. Finally, we present several countermeasures for cloud gaming services to protect their valuable assets from malicious exploitation

Electrochemical Performances of Li+ Intercalation and Deintercalation Processes for Electrochromism of MoO3-Doped V2o5 Films Prepared By The Sol-Gel Method

MoO3-doped V2O5 thin films electrode exhibit much enhanced electrochemical performances than the pure V2O5 counterpart. 1M nonaqueous solution of LiClO4 in propylene carbonate (PC) was the electrolyte solution about cyclic voltammetry (CV) of V2O5/MoO3/ITO glass electrodes at room temperature. With the increasing proportion of MoO3 doped in V2O5, all the redox peak currents of the five samples increased, suggesting that their electrochemical activity increased with the initial CV cycles. Disappearing of some phase transition peaks also show that the MoO3-doped V2O5 film makes cyclic stability declining. Compared with the switching speed of films, the coloring and the bleaching times of the MoO3-doped V2O5 thin films are shorter

Accelerated partial separable model using dimension-reduced optimization technique for ultra-fast cardiac MRI

Objective. Imaging dynamic object with high temporal resolution is challenging in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Partial separable (PS) model was proposed to improve the imaging quality by reducing the degrees of freedom of the inverse problem. However, PS model still suffers from long acquisition time and even longer reconstruction time. The main objective of this study is to accelerate the PS model, shorten the time required for acquisition and reconstruction, and maintain good image quality simultaneously. Approach. We proposed to fully exploit the dimension reduction property of the PS model, which means implementing the optimization algorithm in subspace. We optimized the data consistency term, and used a Tikhonov regularization term based on the Frobenius norm of temporal difference. The proposed dimension-reduced optimization technique was validated in free-running cardiac MRI. We have performed both retrospective experiments on public dataset and prospective experiments on in-vivo data. The proposed method was compared with four competing algorithms based on PS model, and two non-PS model methods. Main results. The proposed method has robust performance against shortened acquisition time or suboptimal hyper-parameter settings, and achieves superior image quality over all other competing algorithms. The proposed method is 20-fold faster than the widely accepted PS+Sparse method, enabling image reconstruction to be finished in just a few seconds. Significance. Accelerated PS model has the potential to save much time for clinical dynamic MRI examination, and is promising for real-time MRI applications.Comment: 23 pages, 11 figures. Accepted as manuscript on Physics in Medicine & Biolog

Effect of Ketamine on LTP and NMDAR EPSC in Hippocampus of the Chronic Social Defeat Stress Mice Model of Depression

Depression is a common mental disorder that is associated with memory dysfunction. Ketamine has recently been demonstrated to be a rapid antidepressant. The mechanisms underlying how depression induces memory dysfunction and how ketamine relieves depressive symptoms remain poorly understood. This work compared three groups of male C57BL/6J mice: mice exposed to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) to induce a depression-like phenotype, depression-like mice treated with ketamine, and control mice that were not exposed to CSDS or treated with ketamine. Spatial working memory and long term memory were assessed by spontaneous alternation Y-maze and fear conditioning tests, respectively. We used western blot to analyze the density of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits in the hippocampus. We recorded long term potentiation (LTP) and NMDA receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in hippocampal slices. We observed that compared with control mice, depression-like mice had significant reductions in spatial working memory and contextual fear memory. The level of NR2B, LTP and NMDA receptor-mediated EPSCs of depression-like mice were decreased. Ketamine treatment attenuated the memory impairment, and increased the density of NR2B and the amplitude of LTP and NMDA receptor-mediated EPSCs in the hippocampus of depression-like mice. In conclusion, depression-like mice have deficits in working memory and contextual fear memory. The decrease of NR2B, LTP induction and NMDA receptor-mediated EPSCs in the hippocampus may be involved in this process. Ketamine can improve expression of NR2B, LTP induction and NMDA receptor-mediated EPSCs in the hippocampus of depression-like mice, which might be part of the reason why ketamine can alleviate the memory dysfunction induced by depression

Obtaining More Karatsuba-Like Formulae over The Binary Field

The aim of this paper is to find more Karatsuba-like formulae for a fixed set of moduli polynomials in GF(2)[x]. To this end, a theoretical framework is established. We first generalize the division algorithm, and then present a generalized definition of the remainder of integer division. Finally, a previously generalized Chinese remainder theorem is used to achieve our initial goal. As a by-product of the generalized remainder of integer division, we rediscover Montgomery’s N-residue and present a systematic interpretation of definitions of Montgomery’s multiplication and addition operations

Effect of the chromophores structures on the performance of solid-state dye sensitized solar cells

The effect of metal-free chromophores on dye-sensitized solar cell performance is investigated. Solid state dye-sensitized solar cells (ssDSCs) using different molecular sensitizers based on triphenylamine (TPA) with thiophene linkers and different alkyl chain in the donor unit have been characterized using impedance spectroscopy (IS). We show that different molecular structures play a fundamental role on solar cell performance, by the effect produced on TiO2 conduction band position and in the recombination rate. Dye structure and its electronic properties are the main factors that control the recombination, the capacitance and the efficiency of the cells. A clear trend between the performance of the cell and the optimization level of the blocking effect of the dye structure has been identified in the solid state solar cells with Spiro-OMeTAD hole conductor.This work was ̄nancially supported by the Swedish Energy Agency, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, National Natural Science Foundation of China (21120102036, 91233201), National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB220009) and China Scholarship Council (CSC). We acknowledge support by a project from Generalitat Valenciana (ISIC/2012/008). H. Tian would like to thank Sill en scholarship for supporting his visiting research in UJI and also thank Rafael S anchez, Victoria Gonz alez and others from GDFO for their kind help with this research work

Impaired reverse cholesterol transport and hepatic steatosis contribute to pathogenesis of high fat dietinduced hyperlipidemia in murine models

Purpose: To investigate the pathogenesis of high fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemia (HLP) in mice, rats and hamsters and to comparatively evaluate their sensitivity to HFD.Methods: Mice, rats and hamsters were fed with high-fat diet formulation (HFD, n = 8) or a control diet (control, n = 8) for 4 weeks. Changes in body weight, relative liver weight, serum lipid profile, expressions of hepatic marker gene of lipid metabolism and liver morphology were observed in three hyperlipidemic models.Results: Elevated total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and body weight were observed in all hyperlipidemic animals (p < 0.05), while hepatic steatosis was manifested in rat and hamster HLP models, and increased hepatic TC level was only seen (p < 0.05) in hamster HLP model. Suppression of HMG-CoA reductase and up-regulation of lipoproteinlipase were observed in all HFD groups. Hepatic gene expression of LDLR, CYP7A1, LCAT, SR-B1, and ApoA I, which are a response to reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), were inhibited by HFD in the three models. Among these models, simultaneous suppression of HMG-CR, LCAT, LDLR and SR-BI and elevated LPL were features of the hamster model.Conclusion: As the results show, impaired RCT and excessive fat accumulation are major contributors to pathogenesis of HFD-induced murine HLP. Thus, the hamster model is more appropriate for hyperlipidemia research.Keywords: Hyperlipidemic model, Murine, Hamster, mRNA, Reverse cholesterol transport, High-fat diet, Pathogenesi

Identification of Competing Endogenous RNA Regulatory Networks in Vitamin A Deficiency-Induced Congenital Scoliosis by Transcriptome Sequencing Analysis

Background/Aims: Congenital scoliosis (CS) is a result of anomalous development of vertebrae and is frequently associated with somitogenesis malformation. Although noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been recently determined to be involved in the pathogenesis of CS, the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks in CS remain largely unknown. Methods: Sequencing was conducted to explore the ncRNA expression profiles in rat embryos (gestation day 9) following vitamin A deficiency (VAD) (n = 9 for the vitamin A deficiency-induced congenital scoliosis (VAD-CS) group and n = 4 for the control group). Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted to verify the expression levels of selected mRNAs, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs). Bioinformatics analysis was used to discover the possible relationships and functions of the ceRNAs. Results: A total of 749 mRNAs, 56 miRNAs, 685 lncRNAs, and 70 circRNAs were identified to have significantly different expression levels in the two groups. Wnt, PI3K-ATK, FoxO, EGFR, and mTOR were found to be the most significant pathways involved in VAD-CS pathogenesis. The circRNA/miRNA/mRNA and lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA networks of CS were built, and the gene expression mechanisms regulated by ncRNAs were unveiled via the ceRNA regulatory networks. Conclusion: We comprehensively identified ceRNA regulatory networks of embryonic somite development in VAD-CS as well as revealed the contribution of different ncRNA expression profiles. Our data demonstrate the association between mRNAs and ncRNAs in the pathogenic mechanism of CS

Structure optimization on the photoelectric and photocatalytic properties of Cu2S and ZnO complex films

Two kinds of multilayer Cu2S/ZnO, ZnO/Cu2S were deposited on glass substrates by means of radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering device. The impact of the thickness of ZnO and Cu2S on the whole transmittance, conductivity, and photocatalysis was investigated. The optical and electrical properties of the multilayer were studies by optical spectrometry and four point probes. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selected and peer-review under responsibility of TEMA - Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of TEMA - Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation.NSFC - National Natural Science Foundation of China(61179055)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio